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World War I
I. Causes MAIN
A. Militarism
1. Arms race
2. Strong
military = great power
3. All have
standing armies
4. Patriotic
B. Alliances
1. Make pacts
to avoid war
2. Dual
Alliance leads to Triple Alliance
a. Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and then Italy
b. Otto van
Bismarck made treaty with Russia
3. Triple
Entente
a. Britain,
France and Russia
C. Imperialism
1. Fierce
competition for colonies
2. Brings
close to war
a. Germany
vs. France about Morocco
3. Desire for
empire leads to mistrust
D. Nationalism
1. New
industry causes competition for dominance
a. Britain
vs. Germany
2. Territory
disputes
a. France vs.
Germany about Alsace-Lorraine
b. Russia vs.
Austria-Hungary about Balkans
3. National
groups within the Balkans
a. Serbs
b. Romanians
c. Bulgarians
E. Assassination
of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1.
Nationalist group = Black Hand
2. June 28, 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophia make state visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia
3. Gavrilo
Princip shot them at point blank range
4. July 28 after
demands made, Austria-Hungary declares war against Serbia
5. Serbia’s
ally Russia took action
II. War
A. Alliances
1. Europe
divided into two rival camps
2. Schlieffen
Plan
a. Two front
war
b. Defeat
France first
c. Go after
Russia
3. Germany
invaded Belgium to get to France
4. Sides
a. Central
Powers = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire
b. Allies =
Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy
B. Western Front
1. Germans
following the Schlieffen Plan successfully
a. At edge of
Paris and retreat
b. Schlieffen
Plan in ruins
c. Stalemate
2. Trench
warfare set up
a. Soldiers
fight from trenches
b. Between
trenches = no man’s land
3. Battle of
Verdun
a. Germans
launch attack against French
b. Each side
loses 300,000 men
C. Eastern Front
1. Germans crush
invading Russian army
2. Russia’s
war effort near collapse in 1916.
3. Russia
pulls out of war
D. Around the
World
1. Ottoman
Empire involved.
2. British effort
to take Ottoman capital.
a. Gallipoli
campaign
b. 250,000
casualties
3. Asian and
African holdings under assault
4. US entered
war
a.
Unrestricted submarine warfare
b. Germans
attack ships offering aid
c. British ship
Lusitana sank off coast of Ireland killing 128 Americans out of 1, 198 people
d. US enters
war
E. Allies win the
War
1. Russia
withdrew
2. US enters
3. Germany
declared itself a republic
a. Kaiser
Wilhem II forced to step down
4. Armistice
signed on Nov 11 1918
F. Treaty of
Versailles
1. League of
Nations
a.
International organization for peace
b. Germany
and Russia excluded from joining
2. Territorial
Losses
a. Germany
returns Alsace-Lorraine to France
b. French
border over the Rhine
c. Germany
surrenders all overseas colonies
3. Military
Restrictions
a. Limit size
of German Army
b. Germany
cannot import or manufacture war weapons
c. German forbidden
to build or buy submarines and air force
4. War Guilt
a. Germany is
solely responsible for war
b. Germany pays
Allies $33 billion in reparations over 30 years
5. These
harsh terms lead to WWII
6. US have own
treaty with Germany because the Senate will not ratify the treaty.
G. Effects of the
War
1. New
Technology
a. Machine
gun
b. Artillery
shells
c. Poisons
gas
d. Airplane
e. Submarine
2. Loss of life is
devastating
3. Guilt sets
up World War II